Mitsubishi A6M Reisen / ZEKE

1939

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Mitsubishi A6M Reisen / ZEKE

The famous Mitsubishi A6M, popularly known as the 'Zero', was the first carrierborne fighter in the world capable of outperforming any contemporary land-based fighter it was likely to confront. Because of inept Allied intelligence it was able to achieve immediate air superiority over the East Indies and South East Asia from the day Japan entered the war. Designed under the leadership of Jiro Honkoshi in 1937 as a replacement for the neat but obsolescent A5M, the prototype A6M1 was first flown on 1 April 1939 with a 582kW Mitsubishi Zuisei 13 radial; production A6M2 fighters with two wing-mounted 20mm guns and two nose-mounted 7.7mm guns were fitted with the 708kW Nakajima Sakae 12 radial, and it was with this version that the Japanese navy escorted the raiding force sent against Pearl Harbor, and gained air superiority over Malaya, the Philippines and Burma. In the spring of 1942 the A6M3 with two-stage supercharged Sakae 21 entered service, later aircraft having their folding wing tips removed. The Battle of Midway represented the Zero's combat zenith; thereafter the agile Japanese fighter found itself ever more outclassed by the American F6F Hellcat and P-38 Lightning. To counter the new American fighters the A6M5 was rushed to front-line units; this version, with Sakae 21 engine and improved exhaust system, possessed a top speed of 565km/h, more A6M5s (and subvariants) being produced than any other Japanese aircraft. It was five A6M5s of the Shikishima kamikaze unit that sank the carrier St Lo and damaged three others on 25 October 1944. Other versions were the A6M6 with water-methanol boosted Sakae 31 engine and the A6M7 fighter/dive-bomber. Total production of all A6Ms was 10,937. (The reporting name'Zeke' was given to the A6M, and 'Rufe' to a float version, the A6M2-N.)

Mitsubishi A6M Reisen / ZEKE

Specification 
 MODELA6M2
 CREW1
 ENGINE1 x Nakajima NK1F "Sakae 12", 705kW
 WEIGHTS
  Take-off weight2410-2796 kg5313 - 6164 lb
  Empty weight1680 kg3704 lb
 DIMENSIONS
  Wingspan12.0 m39 ft 4 in
  Length9.06 m30 ft 9 in
  Height3.05 m10 ft 0 in
  Wing area22.44 m2241.54 sq ft
 PERFORMANCE
  Max. speed525 km/h326 mph
  Cruise speed330 km/h205 mph
  Ceiling10000 m32800 ft
  Range w/max.fuel3050 km1895 miles
  Range w/max payload1850 km1150 miles
 ARMAMENT2 x 20mm cannons, 2 x 7.7mm machine-guns, 60kg of bombs

3-View 
Mitsubishi A6M Reisen / ZEKEA three-view drawing (752 x 1009)

Comments1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100
dude, 21.09.2009 13:09

japs suck!!!***%%$$######$$$$%%%%^^^&&&

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Peter Mikelssen, 12.09.2009 22:54

I'm building a scale model of the Zero. Could someone tell me if the landing gear bays are interior green or metallic blue?
Thanks!

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CHINESE, 14.06.2009 19:38

THE CHINESES WAGED THE BATTLES TO DESTROY THE EVIL FORCE OF THE JAPS!

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leo rudnicki, e-mail, 30.04.2009 17:15

I had a cg problem installing an integral tank .049 on a rubber powered Guillow. I shortened the nose by one former. If nobody notices Charlton Heston flying 6 planes on one mission, they won't notice if you lengthen the nose. The Japanese didn't use radios, too heavy. CG problems.

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Ian Pratt, e-mail, 30.04.2009 16:59

I like the Zero for an RC project however balancing it is a big problem (because of the short distance the fuselage extends beyond the leading edge of the wings). Question: how did the Japanese solve this problem in the full scale Zero?

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leo rudnicki, e-mail, 28.04.2009 01:47

My source on MG151 /20 is totally unremembered, possibly some scurrulous site mentioning a German U-boat delivering them and then extrapolating the fact that the Ho5 must be the MG151 /20, either delivered or copied. The best documented performance figures were obtained in actual fly-offs with the Aleutian A6M2 Zeke 21 and Saipan Zeke 52's against contemporary American iron. Now, I don't even know why I mentioned the MG151 /20, altho it was pretty good. Never used on Zekes. I forgot my context. I had a bad encounter trying to find info on the P-39's 37mm cannon and nobody refered to it as a Madsen design, rather a Olds /colt M4 or a AAC T9. Crappy gun. I'm getting to old for this.

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Ronald, e-mail, 27.04.2009 13:22

Leo,
I believe when you say Zero, you mean the A6M2 Model 21, not the slower Model 11 of China fame. The A6m3 and later versions changed motors from the one that choked in the A6M2 when it dove. I'm with you on the FF cannon but can you share your sources on the MG 151 /20 comment?
the Tony initially had these imported

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leo rudnicki, e-mail, 10.04.2009 15:05

the type99 cannon was an oerlikon,swiss, same as german MGFF. Ho5 was the german MG151 /20.the one piece wing was important when you dropped your sunglasses. Nice floor. On the TV show "dogfights" on history channel, max speed is given as 316mph. max for f4f given as 318. but they say the Zero is faster. I like the 331mph figure, got used to it. And Zero can't pull negative G, the engine quits.

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lxbfYeaa, e-mail, 14.03.2024 leo rudnicki

20

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Robbie Lownds, e-mail, 20.03.2009 18:46

To my fellow readers I apologize for spelling Horikoshi incorrectly. It was spelled Honkoshi in the information about the aircraft on the site.

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Robbie Lownds, e-mail, 20.03.2009 18:44

To my fellow readers I apologize for spelling Horikoshi incorrectly. It was spelled Honkoshi in the information about the aircraft on the site.

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Robbie Lownds, e-mail, 20.03.2009 18:19

The A6M "Zero" was beautifully designed and truly is a classic of World War II. Designer Honkoshi did a masterful job. The Zero did suffer from one major flaw in that the fuel tank had a terrible habit of exploding when hit by intense gunfire. The Hellcat for example was better protected and could take much more punishment in terms of structural endurance. I thank you for the opportunity to leave this message

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Robbie Lownds, e-mail, 20.03.2009 18:18

The A6M "Zero" was beautifully designed and truly is a classic of World War II. Designer Honkoshi did a masterful job. The Zero did suffer from one major flaw in that the fuel tank had a terrible habit of exploding when hit by intense gunfire. The Hellcat for example was better protected and could take much more punishment in terms of structural endurance. I thank you for the opportunity to leave this message

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Jill, e-mail, 07.01.2009 20:47

Any idea where I can find details and dimensions of the tail?

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bao, e-mail, 06.01.2009 14:37

the zero ace pilot Saburo sakai surviving after wwii was the famous zero fighter pilot . he shoot down over 80 enemy plane

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Ronald, e-mail, 15.10.2008 05:30

To solve the dilemma of an elevator control small enough not to be oversensitive at high speed and yet large enough to give adequate control for landing, Horikoshi and his team used finer strands of connecting cables and more flexible torque tubes to the elevator. With this innovation, at high loads due to speed the stretch would cause less elevator movement but when at landing speed there would be full travel of the elevator. This A6M2 feature was patented in Japan in 1940. They struck the right balance, avoiding high speed elevator flutter and non-responsive spongy controls at the same time. But aileron high speed flutter still limited dive speed even after it was largely solved by 12 /7 /41. You might wonder if the tail was placed further aft for dive stability like the P-40F (late version). While this was likely a good outcome, it was really done to stabilize the greater recoil of the 20mm wing cannon. The FFS motor cannon in the imported Dewoitine D.510 impressed the Japanese with it's hitting power. When FF cannons were tested on the wings of a Claude fighter for comparison in August 1938, it did better generally than the D.510 but for accuracy. The Claude had some horizontal scatter. When Jiro Horikoshi heard of this he made the tail design correction in the Zero. Why cannons on a weight saving fighter? The D.510 was the writing on the wall for the Zero. The thinking was to not only match what a future enemy fighter might pack but surpass it!
Besides the cannons on the A6M2 weren't that heavy. They were compact and light. At first the Type 99-1 cannon had limited ammo and muzzle velocity but with Navy approval it was a start.

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Ronald, e-mail, 13.10.2008 21:18

Most Japanese fighters were designed to withstand a force of 7g. From 1932 all Japanese warplanes were required to meet a safety load factor of 1.8 so the limit for the A6M had to be 12.6g (1.8x7g). Thus weight had to be saved throughout it's design for example the wing and cockpit were made as one assembly with a one piece main spar when other fighters were bolting wings onto their fuselage at heavy casting points. Not only did this save weight, it gave the Zero's wings seamless integrity as well. Officially 391 mph was the terminal dive limit for the model 21 Zero. Stall speed was 73 mph.

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Ronald, e-mail, 13.10.2008 04:03

Roll rate was 56 deg /sec @ 160 mph; 35 deg /sec @ 340 mph. At 100 mph it could roll with a spitfire Mk V (not the clipped LF), under 150 mph it out rolls the F4F-3 and P-47C, under 160 it out rolls the P-39D and P-51B, under 180 it out rolls the F6F-3 and P-38L, under 210 mph it out rolls the P-38F. Above 180 mph ailerons were sluggish and virtually ineffective above 230 mph. This and it's inferior dive acceleration gave allied pilots an escape by diving with a high speed roll. The Model 21 was the peak of Zero supremacy by virtue of close-in aerobatics together with 20 mm cannons and surprising range at such an early stage. Succeeding models offered only slight improvements when the Allies made giant leaps.

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Ronald, e-mail, 12.10.2008 03:36

At 230 mph the A6M2 Zero 21 did a 1118' radius 180 degree turn was done in 5.62 seconds. For slower turns the radius was 612'. Normal positive g-load factor was 7g, safety limit was 8.8g; and normal negative was 3.5g with a safety factor of another 1.8g or 5.3g limit. Wing loading was 22 lb /sq. ft. Stability was neutral around all three axis, controls were light and beautifully harmonized. Stall was gentle and complemented it's slow speed dogfighting prowess. However as speed and altitude increased this diminished especially above 26,000'. Initial climb rate was 4517 fpm, not bad for 940-950 hp! 19,685' was reached in 7 min. 27 sec. Power loading was 5.59 lb /hp.

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John, e-mail, 14.07.2007 02:06

For Zero details including cockpit try www.socalvalue.com /airace /zero /zero.htm

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Dave Kirby, e-mail, 05.12.2006 10:00

Trying to verify a japanese aircraft part from pearl harbor attack is authenic. How can I get maybe a blue print of a Zero or maybe cockpit photos.

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